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Unification versus Separation

1.   Federalist Papers, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay.

Historical Examples

1.  Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy.

State and Provincial Constitutions

U.S. State Constitutions and Web Sites

Links to Federalism Sites

1.  Federalism and the Courts
2.  Cases & Materials on American Federalism, online course by Douglas Amber.

International Federation

1.    Freedom's Frontier — Atlantic Union Now, by Clarence K. Streit — Classic treatise on international conflict and federalism. Also see a Review by Jon Roland.
2.  Union Now, Clarence K. Streit (1939) — Classic work which sought to prevent World War II.
3.  Association to Unite the Democracies. Email to: information@iaud.org — Seeks a federal union of the more advanced democratic countries through a constitutional convention. Has some excellent materials on federal principles and processes. Founded by Clarence K. Streit.
4.  European Movement — Association contributing to the establishment of a unified, federal Europe.
5.  Union of European Federalists (UEF) — Independent and non-governmental, supranational organisation, dedicated to the promotion of a federal Europe.
6.  Campaign for a European Federal Constitution — Seek a federal constitution for Europe.
7.  European Convention — Seek a constitutional convention for Europe.
8.  European Federal Union — Promote European federation in Britain.
9.  European Union (EU) in the US — Seeks a federal union of the European countries, but have been proceeding through a gradualist process that raises questions of constitutional legitimacy. But provides insight into the problems of integrating disparate political and legal systems.
10.  The History of Europe as a Supranational Region: Primary Documents — Collection of historical documents.
11.   Treaty of Westphalia, 1648 — Made peace in Europe for a while.

Separation and Liberation

Sometimes people decide they cannot secure their rights within the framework of an existing polity, and must separate from it. We generally favor enforcing constitutional compliance within an existing polity, but sometimes independence is the only way. We devote a separate page to some of these movements.

Separatist, Independence, and Decentralization Movements