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Dissoi Logoi: Two-Fold or Contrasting Arguments, Anonymous (c. 425 BCE), Presentation of the method of using opposing arguments to elicit understanding, and as a tool of the sophists.
Pericles' Funeral Oration, Thucydides
(c. 460/455-399 BCE), Peloponnesian War (Book 2.34-46) — Homage to
the political ideals of ancient Athens.
Republic,
Plato (~360 BCE) — Laid out the elements of an ideal political
system.
Apology,
Plato (~360 BCE) — Socrates defends himself before the court of Athens.
Crito, Plato
(~360 BCE) — Socrates explains his decision to accept death rather than
exile.
Phaedo, Plato
(~360 BCE) — Socrates discusses the duties of citizens to the state.
Laws, Plato
(~348 BCE) — Model laws for a republic, including sortition and
militia.
Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle (~350
BCE) — Laid out the moral foundations of society.
Politics, Aristotle (~350 BCE)
— Laid out the alternative forms of government.
Rhetoric, Aristotle (~350 BCE)
— How to persuade others.
The
Athenian Constitution, Aristotle (~350 BCE) — Relates history of
experiments with various forms of government.